Hauv lub zog tshuab, cov hloov pauv tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib hloov pauv hloov dua siab thiab lub zog hloov. Cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshwm sim:Puas yog lub transformer cov zis voltage nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib npaug nws cov ntsuas hluav taws xob sib npaug?Cov lus teb meej yogtsis muaj, thiab kab lus no piav qhia txog cov ntsiab cai pib, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov qauv engineering thiab kom paub tseeb.
1. Kev Txhais ntawm Rated Voltage
Ntsuas Voltage (Ieee / IEC Txuj):
TusCov Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xobntawm ib transformer txhais tau tias nwsTsis muaj - load rau voltage(piv txwv li, cov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob theem nrab thaum cov winding thib ob yog qhib - circuited). Piv txwv li, transformer sau npe "400v" muab tshem tawm 400v ntawm tsis muaj thauj khoom.
Tag nrho - thau voltage:
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho - kev thauj khoom, qhov tseeb ntawm cov zis hluav taws xobdeviates hauv qabVim muaj kev pom kev poob. Qhov no muaj nuj nqis los ntawmCov kev cai voltage (VR).
2. Vim li cas cov hluav taws xob tawm hauv qab lub nra
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Transformer impedance
Txhua transformer muajSab hauv impedance(Zz), suav nrog:
Kuj (RR): Tooj poob hauv windings.
Xau reactance (XX): Sib nqus flux so.
Qhov kev yuam no ua rau muaj hluav taws xob tso rau cov thauj khoom tam sim no:
Download=ece iload × (rcosφ + xsin} {il il il il il il il il a ilinφ)
Qhov twg Cosφcosφ yog lub nra hnyav.
Voltage txoj cai
VR%=vr% =
Raug VR qhov tseem ceeb:
Furission Transformers:2–5%
Lub zog hloov hluav taws xob:5–10%
3. Ua piv txwv piv txwv
Xav txog 1600 kva roj -} txias transformer nrog:
Rated tsis - Load voltage: 400 V
Impedance (ZPUZPU): 4%
Thauj hluav taws xob: 0.8 lagging
Kev suav:
VaCll {{0} Ntaus} Vno Vno-}}} {} {{{12.8=387.2 VVFulll {{10} LOAD {}} vno {}}}} {} 0. {{12.8=387.2 v
Kev cai voltage:
VR% =400} - - 387.2387.2% ≈3%}} × 100% ≈3.3%
Qho kawg: Cov zis voltage tee rau387.2 V(-3.3%) nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev thauj khoom.
4. Cov tswv yim Kev Pab Nkhaus
Txhawm rau tswj cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv qab thauj:
a) Cov hloov pauv hloov
Nyob rau - Pead Take Changer (OLTC):
Dynamically hloov kho thawj puv los them rau voltage poob.
Tus yam ntxwv: {{+5 kais seb puas kav cov voltias los ntawm 5%.
Tawm -} Circuit Co Tshuaj:
Los ntawm phau ntawv hloov kho rau kev kho hluav taws xob ruaj khov kho.
b) Tsis Siv Neeg Voltage Regulators (Avr)
Nruab AV Tshuab (piv txwv li, statcom) kom muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov.
c) Tsim Txhim Kho Kom Zoo
Qis dua transformers (piv txwv li, zpu<4%Zpu<4%) reduce voltage drop but increase short-circuit currents.
5. Qauv Ua Haujlwm
IEEE C57.12.00:
"Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis muaj - load voltage. Tag nrho} LOAD VALTAGE yuav raug suav los ntawm rho tawm cov impedance poob."
IEC 60076-1:
"Cov zis voltage nyob rau hauv rated load yog muab tau los ntawm tsis muaj - load voltage minus Qhov hluav taws xob poob qis."
6. {- ntiaj teb cuam tshuam
SIB TSOO STAB: Voltage poob cuam tshuam rau kev thauj khoom rhiab (piv txwv li, cov tshuab raj, lag luam machinery). Cov nqi hluav taws xob siv tau ± 5% voltage zam (ansi c84.1).
Transformer Kev Ntsuas:
Cov kev sim ua ntu zus kev ntsuas ZPUZPU thiab VR% rau kev tsim cov qauv tsim qauv.
Tag
Ib transformertsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws cov ntsuas hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nraVim tias tsis muaj impedance -}} inducted voltage tee. Qhov txawv txav yog qhov ntauKev cai voltage, feem ntau xws li 2-10% raws li kev tsim qauv thiab load profile. Mitigation yuav tsum tau siv cov pa hloov, avry, lossis qis -} kev tsim qauv. Engineers yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv VR% thaum npaj cov txheej txheem kom ntseeg tau cov kev ruaj khov nyob hauv kev tswj hwm kev txwv.
