Substation Fault Handling: Core Principles & Response Guide
Lub substation yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab nws txoj haujlwm ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Thaum muaj kev txhaum tshwm sim, kev txiav txim sai thiab raug thiab raug nrog nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab txo qhov poob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws ntawm kev ua haujlwm substation, daim ntawv no txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem thiab cov lus teb raug yuam kev ntawm kev sib tsoo.
I. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev sib tsoo
Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb:Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuav pov hwm kev sib tsoo yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib tsoo, tshem tawm cov hauv paus hauv paus, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv, thiab, raws li qhov tsim nyog, rov qab muab lub zog rau cov neeg siv kom sai li sai tau.
Cov txheej txheem dav dav:
Ua sai sai:tam sim ntawd rov qab lub tswb ceeb toom, sau lub sijhawm thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov txhaum (lub teeb lub teeb, ntsuas, tiv thaiv teeb liab, thiab lwm yam), thiab qhia luv luv rau tus neeg xa xov.
Kev txiav txim kom raug:Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov kev ua txhaum.
Kev nyab xeeb ua ntej:tshem tawm kev hem thawj rau tib neeg thiab khoom siv, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm chaw nres tsheb fais fab, thiab tiv thaiv kev nthuav dav ntawm kev sib tsoo.
Cais qhov txhaum:siv kev nyab xeeb los cais qhov txhaum.
Restore fais fab mov:Kho hom kev ua haujlwm kom rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom tsis yog - cov khoom siv tsis raug thiab cov neeg siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Sau thiab qhia:Sau cov txheej txheem ua kom ntxaws thiab qhia rau cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg xa khoom raws sijhawm.
II. Tej yam txhaum phenomena thiab tuav cov ntsiab lus
1. Ib zaug -theem grounding nyob rau hauv ib tug me me - grounding system tam sim no
Phenomenon:Thaum lub tswb nrov nrov, lub teeb "grounding" lo lus teeb ci; Ib theem voltage yog xoom los yog txo, thiab lwm yam ob theem voltages yog nce mus rau kab voltage.
Feature:Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem khiav nrog grounding rau 1-2 teev, tab sis nws yooj yim ua rau overvoltage lossis ob-point grounding luv luv Circuit Court.
Kev ua:
Tshaj tawm qhov xa tawm, xyuas seb puas muaj cov ntsiab lus pom tseeb hauv cov khoom siv hauv chaw nres tsheb.
Siv "rub txoj kev sim" txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws, koj yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem rub tawm ntawm cov av: thawj zaug rub cov theem nrab, lub teeb thauj khoom, kab ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd rub cov kab tseem ceeb.
Nws yuav tsum txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim xws li fuse melting nyob rau hauv voltage transformers.
2. Kab - mus rau - kab luv luv (ntev / mus tas li)
Phenomenon:Thaum lub tswb nrov nrov, kev tiv thaiv (ceev tawg / overcurrent) thiab rov qab teeb liab teeb, thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob rov qab los yog rov pib dua tom qab qhov cuam tshuam.
Kev ua:
Sau qhov tshwm sim, rov kho lub teeb liab, thiab luam daim ntawv ceeb toom txhaum cai.
Xyuas cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb (circuit breakers, CTs, thiab lwm yam) rau tej yam txawv txav.
Transient txhaum:Re- synchronization ua tiav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ib txwm rov qab los.
Kev tsis ua haujlwm tas mus li:reclosure tsis ua hauj lwm, hloov tripping. Peb yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tus neeg xa xov liaison thiab txiav txim siab seb puas yuav yuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li cov lus txib.
3. Kab txhaum nyob rau hauv qhov loj tam sim no grounding system (110 kV / 220 kV)
Kev tiv thaiv configuration:Feem ntau nruab nrog phased nrug, xoom- kev tiv thaiv ib ntus thiab rov qab tsis siv neeg. 220 kV kab kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev.
Khiav cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Tom qab 110 kV kab yog tripped, yog tias tus recloser tsis txav, tom qab kuaj xyuas tsis muaj qhov txawv txav, nws tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas lub zog hluav taws xob ib zaug raws li kev xa khoom.
Tom qab 220 kV kab yog tripped, nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub yuam xa hluav taws xob yam tsis tau tso cai! Tom qab ua qhov kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tsis raug, thiab qhia meej txog qhov tsis raug (ib zaug -theem / theem- rau-theem, instantaneous/permanent), cov haujlwm tom qab (xws li kuaj xyuas cov synchronization thiab kaw lub voj voog, kev xa mus sim, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev txiav txim siab.
4. Lub tsheb npav tsis muaj zog.
Ua rau:Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub tsheb npav nws tus kheej, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis raug, lossis kev ua txhaum hauv qis dua - theem kab ua rau lub Circuit Court breaker mus.
Kev txiav txim tseem ceeb:Xyuas seb qhov kev tiv thaiv kev sib txawv puas tau tshwm sim thiab seb puas muaj cov cim pom tseeb ntawm kev ua tsis tiav hauv cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm qhov poob ntawm lub siab busbar.
Kev ua:
Maternal deviation action thiab pom tseeb txhaum:Cais qhov yuam kev, rov kho lub hwj chim ntawm qhov tsis yog - qhov txhaum nrog lub zog thaub qab lossis txoj kev tsheb npav rov qab.
Maternal deviation action tab sis tsis muaj kos npe ntawm qhov txhaum:yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo (xws li DC hauv av tshwm sim), tom qab tshem tawm qhov kev soj ntsuam niam txiv sib txawv, sim xa cov niam kab.
Ua los ntawm ntau tshaj -voltage trip:Cais qhov tsis yog - hloov chaw ua haujlwm lossis kab tsis raug, thiab rov ua haujlwm hauv npav.
5. System zaus thiab voltage anomalies
Frequency abnormality:tshwm sim los ntawm unbalanced active zog nyob rau hauv lub system. Kev kho mob feem ntau yog ua kom lub zog nquag ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob los yog txiav tawm ib feem ntawm cov khoom thauj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm rub tawm lub Circuit Court breaker nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho kev huam yuaj los tiv thaiv zaus vau.
Voltage abnormality:tshwm sim los ntawm unbalanced reactive zog nyob rau hauv lub system. Kev ntsuas los nrog nws suav nrog muab tso rau hauv capacitors, kho qhov hloov pauv kais, thiab qhia cov neeg siv kom txo qis.
6. Qhov system oscillation
Phenomenon:Periodic tsausmuag oscillation ntawm ntau yam hluav taws xob meters, suab nrov nrov ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Paub qhov txawv ntawm luv luv Circuit Court:Peb theem yog ib txwm symmetrical thaum lub sij hawm oscillation, tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo sib lawv liag los yog xoom sequence Cheebtsam.
Kev kho mob:Txhua lub fais fab nroj tsuag yuav tsum tam sim ntawd nce reactive fais fab tso zis yam tsis tau tos rau qhov kev txiav txim xa, thiab kho lub zog nquag raws li qhov xwm txheej zaus kom calm lub oscillation.
Sua ummary
Kev tuav cov kev ua txhaum ntawm substation yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj, ceev, thiab kev sib koom tes. Ntawm - cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum paub txog cov cuab yeej siv, ua tus txheej txheem, thiab nyob twj ywm thiab ua kom zoo.Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li hauv qab no: "cim rov qab → sau ntawv thiab tshaj tawm → tshuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab → cais qhov txhaum → rov qab siv fais fab → sau thiab tshaj tawm." Peb yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab peb yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus siab. hom kev ua tsis tiav tam sim ntawd ua tau zoo thiab raug, thiab tiv thaiv txoj kab hluav taws xob muaj kev nyab xeeb.
